Ha batho ba ntse ba tsofala, ho fokotseha ha ts'ebetso ea boko ho bonahala haholoanyane. Har'a batho ba lilemo li 20-49, boholo ba bona ba qala ho hlokomela ho fokotseha ha ts'ebetso ea kelello ha ba lahleheloa ke mohopolo kapa ba lebala. Ho ba lilemo li 50-59, ho hlokomela ho fokotseha ha kelello hangata ho tla ha ba qala ho utloa ho theoha ho bonahalang ha mohopolo.
Ha ho batlisisoa litsela tsa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea boko, lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa lilemo li tsepamisa maikutlo lintlheng tse fapaneng. Batho ba lilemo li 20-29 ba atisa ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho ntlafatseng boroko ho matlafatsa ts'ebetso ea boko (44.7%), ha batho ba lilemo li 30-39 ba thahasella haholo ho fokotsa mokhathala (47.5%). Bakeng sa ba lilemo li 40-59, ho ntlafatsa tlhokomelo ho nkoa e le senotlolo sa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea boko (lilemo tse 40-49: 44%, lilemo tse 50-59: 43.4%).
Lisebelisoa tse Tummeng 'Marakeng oa Bophelo bo Botle ba Boko Japane
Ho latela mokhoa oa lefats'e oa ho phehella mokhoa oa bophelo bo botle, 'maraka oa lijo o sebetsang oa Japane o totobatsa haholo litharollo tsa mathata a itseng a bophelo bo botle, 'me bophelo bo botle ba boko e le ntlha ea bohlokoa ea bohlokoa. Ho fihlela ka la 11 Tšitoe 2024, Japane e ne e ngolisitse lijo tse sebetsang tse 1,012 (ho ea ka lintlha tsa semmuso), tseo tse 79 tsa tsona li neng li amana le bophelo bo botle ba boko. Har'a tsena, GABA e ne e le motsoako o sebelisoang khafetsa, o lateloa kelutein/zeaxanthin, setlolo sa lekhasi la ginkgo (li-flavonoid, li-terpenoid),DHA, Bifidobacterium MCC1274, Portulaca oleracea saponins, paclitaxel, li-peptide tsa imidazolidine,PQQ, le ergothioneine.
1. GABA
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) ke amino acid e seng protheine e fumanoeng ka lekhetlo la pele ke Steward le basebetsi-'moho le eena ka har'a lisele tsa litapole ka 1949. Ka 1950, Roberts le ba bang ba ile ba fumana GABA bokong ba liphoofolo tse anyesang, e entsoeng ka α-decarboxylation e ke keng ea fetoloa ea glutamate kapa letsoai la eona, e susumetsoang ke glutamate decarboxylase.
GABA ke neurotransmitter ea bohlokoa e fumanoang haholo tsamaisong ea methapo ea mali ea liphoofolo tse anyesang. Mosebetsi oa eona o ka sehloohong ke ho fokotsa ho thahasellisa ha methapo ea kutlo ka ho thibela phetiso ea matšoao a methapo ea kutlo. Bokong, ho leka-lekana pakeng tsa phetiso ea methapo ea kutlo e thibelang e tsamaisoang ke GABA le phetiso ea methapo ea kutlo e susumetsoang ke glutamate ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka botsitso ba lera la sele le ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea methapo ea kutlo.
Lithuto li bontša hore GABA e ka thibela liphetoho tse senyehang ke methapo ea kutlo le ho ntlafatsa mesebetsi ea mohopolo le ea kelello. Lithuto tsa liphoofolo li bontša hore GABA e ntlafatsa mohopolo oa nako e telele ho litoeba ka ho fokotseha ha tsebo le ho khothalletsa ho ata ha lisele tsa neuroendocrine PC-12. Litekong tsa bongaka, GABA e bontšitsoe e eketsa maemo a neurotrophic factor (BDNF) e nkiloeng bokong maling le ho fokotsa kotsi ea dementia le lefu la Alzheimer ho basali ba lilemo tse mahareng.
Ho phaella moo, GABA e na le ditlamorao tse ntle maikutlong, kgatellong ya maikutlo, mokhathala le boroko. Diphuputso di bontsha hore motswako wa GABA le L-theanine o ka fokotsa nako ya ho robala, wa eketsa nako ya ho robala, mme wa eketsa tlhahiso ya di-receptor tse nyane tsa GABA le glutamate GluN1.
2. Lutein/Zeaxanthin
Luteinke carotenoid e nang le oksijene e entsoeng ka masala a robeli a isoprene, polyene e sa tlalang e nang le maqhama a robong a mabeli, e monyang le ho ntša khanya maqhubung a itseng a maqhubu, e e fang litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa 'mala.Zeaxanthinke isomer ea lutein, e fapaneng ka boemo ba tlamo e habeli ka har'a lesale.
Lutein le zeaxanthinke di-pigment tsa mantlha retina. Lutein e fumaneha haholo-holo retina e ka thoko, ha zeaxanthin e le ka har'a macula e bohareng. Litlamorao tsa tšireletso tsalutein le zeaxanthinbakeng sa mahlo ho kenyeletsa ho ntlafatsa pono, ho thibela ho senyeha ha macular ho amanang le botsofali (AMD), cataract, glaucoma, le ho thibela retinopathy ho masea a hlahileng pele ho nako.
Ka 2017, bafuputsi ba tsoang Univesithing ea Georgia ba fumane horelutein le zeaxanthine na le tšusumetso e ntle bophelong ba boko ho batho ba baholo. Phuputso e bontšitse hore barupeluoa ba nang le maemo a holimo alutein le zeaxanthinba bontšitse tšebetso e tlase ea boko ha ba etsa mesebetsi ea ho hopola mantsoe a mabeli, e leng se bontšang katleho e phahameng ea methapo.
Ho phaella moo, phuputso e tlalehile hore Lutemax 2020, e leng tlatsetso ea lutein e tsoang ho Omeo, e ekelitse haholo boemo ba BDNF (neurotrophic factor e nkiloeng bokong), protheine ea bohlokoa e amehang ho plasticity ea methapo ea kutlo, 'me e bohlokoa bakeng sa kholo le phapang ea li-neuron, 'me e amahanngoa le ho ntlafatsa thuto, mohopolo le ts'ebetso ea kelello.
(Mekhoa ea sebopeho sa lutein le zeaxanthin)
3. Setlolo sa Lekhasi la Ginkgo (Flavonoids, Terpenoids)
Ginkgo biloba, mofuta o le mong feela o setseng lelapeng la ginkgo, hangata o bitsoa "mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale e phelang." Makhasi le peo ea eona li sebelisoa hangata lipatlisisong tsa meriana 'me ke e' ngoe ea meriana ea tlhaho e sebelisoang haholo lefatšeng ka bophara. Metsoako e sebetsang ka har'a setlolo sa makhasi a ginkgo ke haholo-holo li-flavonoid le li-terpenoid, tse nang le thepa e kang ho thusa ho fokotsa mafura, litlamorao tsa antioxidant, ho ntlafatsa mohopolo, ho fokotsa khatello ea mahlo le ho fana ka tšireletso khahlanong le tšenyo ea sebete ea lik'hemik'hale.
Monograph ea Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo mabapi le limela tsa meriana e bolela horeginkgoDintho tse qotsitsoeng makhasing di lokela ho ba le 22-27% ya di-glycoside tsa flavonoid le 5-7% ya di-terpenoid, tse nang le asiti ya ginkgolic e ka tlase ho 5 mg/kg. Japane, Mokgatlo wa Dijo tsa Bophelo bo Botle le Phepo o behile maemo a boleng bakeng sa ntho e qotsitsoeng makhasing a ginkgo, e hlokang hore flavonoid glycoside e be bonyane 24% le terpenoid e be bonyane 6%, mme ginkgolic acid e bolokwa ka tlase ho 5 ppm. Tekanyo e kgothaletswang ya letsatsi le letsatsi bakeng sa batho ba baholo e pakeng tsa 60 le 240 mg.
Lithuto li bontšitse hore tšebeliso ea nako e telele ea setlolo sa makhasi a ginkgo se tloaelehileng, ha se bapisoa le placebo, se ka ntlafatsa haholo mesebetsi e itseng ea kelello, ho kenyeletsoa ho nepahala ha mohopolo le bokhoni ba ho ahlola. Ho feta moo, setlolo sa ginkgo se tlalehiloe se ntlafatsa phallo ea mali le ts'ebetso ea boko.
4. DHA
DHA(docosahexaenoic acid) ke omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). E ngata lijong tsa leoatleng le lihlahisoa tsa tsona, haholo-holo litlhapi tse mafura, tse fanang ka ligrama tse 0.68-1.3 tsa DHA ka ligrama tse 100. Lijo tse entsoeng ka liphoofolo tse kang mahe le nama li na le DHA e nyane. Ho phaella moo, lebese la matsoele la motho le lebese la liphoofolo tse ling tse anyesang le tsona li na le DHA. Lipatlisiso ho basali ba fetang 2,400 lithutong tse 65 li fumane hore karolelano ea DHA lebeseng la matsoele ke 0.32% ea boima bohle ba asiti ea mafura, ho tloha ho 0.06% ho isa ho 1.4%, 'me baahi ba lebōpong la leoatle ba na le maemo a holimo ka ho fetisisa a DHA lebeseng la matsoele.
DHA e amahanngoa le ntshetsopele ya boko, tshebetso le mafu. Diphuputso tse pharaletseng di bontsha horeDHAe ka ntlafatsa phetiso ea methapo ea kutlo, kholo ea methapo ea kutlo, ho ba le polasetiki ea synaptic, le ho lokolloa ha neurotransmitter. Tlhahlobo e qaqileng ea liteko tse 15 tse laoloang ka mokhoa o sa reroang e bontšitse hore tekanyo e tloaelehileng ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea 580 mg ea DHA e ntlafalitse haholo mohopolo oa liketsahalo tsa nakoana ho batho ba baholo ba phetseng hantle (lilemo tse 18-90) le ba nang le bothata bo fokolang ba kelello.
Mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea DHA e kenyelletsa: 1) ho tsosolosa karolelano ea n-3/n-6 PUFA; 2) ho thibela ho ruruha ha neuroinflammation ho amanang le botsofali ho bakoang ke ho sebetsa ho feteletseng ha sele ea M1 microglial; 3) ho hatella phenotype ea astrocyte ea A1 ka ho theola matšoao a A1 joalo ka C3 le S100B; 4) ho thibela ka katleho tsela ea ho supa ea proBDNF/p75 ntle le ho fetola ho supa ha neurotrophic factor-associated kinase B ho tsoang bokong; le 5) ho khothalletsa ho phela ha neuronal ka ho eketsa maemo a phosphatidylserine, e leng se nolofalletsang ho fetisetsa le ho kenya tšebetsong ha lera la protheine kinase B (Akt).
5. Bifidobacterium MCC1274
Mala, ao hangata a bitsoang "boko ba bobeli," a bontšitsoe a na le tšebelisano-'moho e kholo le boko. Mala, joalo ka setho se nang le motsamao o ikemetseng, a ka sebetsa ka boikemelo ntle le thuto e tobileng ea boko. Leha ho le joalo, kamano pakeng tsa mala le boko e bolokoa ka tsamaiso ea methapo e ikemetseng, matšoao a lihormone le li-cytokine, tse etsang seo ho tsejoang hore ke "gut-brain axis."
Phuputso e senotse hore libaktheria tsa mala li bapala karolo ho bokelleng ha protheine ea β-amyloid, e leng letšoao la bohlokoa la lefu la Alzheimer. Ha ho bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle, bakuli ba Alzheimer ba fokolitse mefuta-futa ea li-microbiota tsa mala, ka phokotso ea bongata ba Bifidobacterium.
Lithutong tsa ho kenella ha batho ho batho ba nang le bothata bo bobebe ba ho nahana (MCI), tšebeliso ea Bifidobacterium MCC1274 e ntlafalitse haholo ts'ebetso ea ho nahana ho Teko ea Memori ea Boitšoaro ea Rivermead (RBANS). Lintlha libakeng tse kang mohopolo o potlakileng, bokhoni ba pono le sebaka, ts'ebetso e rarahaneng, le mohopolo o liehang le tsona li ntlafalitsoe haholo.
Nako ea poso: Pherekhong-07-2025