Ha batho ba ntse ba tsofala, ho fokotseha ha tšebetso ea boko ho bonahala haholoanyane. Har'a batho ba lilemo li 20-49, boholo ba bona ba qala ho bona ho fokotseha ha ts'ebetso ea kelello ha ba lahleheloa ke mohopolo kapa ba lebala. Bakeng sa ba lilemo li 50-59, ho lemoha ho fokotseha ha kelello hangata ho tla ha ba qala ho ba le ho theoha ho hlokomelehang mohopolong.
Ha ho hlahlojoa mekhoa ea ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea boko, lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa lilemo li shebana le likarolo tse fapaneng. Batho ba lilemo li 20-29 ba atisa ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho ntlafatsa boroko ho matlafatsa ts'ebetso ea boko (44.7%), ha batho ba lilemo li 30-39 ba thahasella ho fokotsa mokhathala (47.5%). Bakeng sa ba lilemo li 40-59, ho ntlafatsa tlhokomelo ho nkoa e le senotlolo sa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea boko (lilemo tse 40-49: 44%, 50-59 lilemo: 43.4%).
Lisebelisoa tse Tummeng 'Maraka oa Bophelo ba Boko oa Japane
Tumellanong le mokhoa oa lefats'e oa ho phela bophelo bo botle, 'maraka oa lijo oa Japane o hatisa ka ho khetheha tharollo bakeng sa litaba tse itseng tsa bophelo bo botle,' me bophelo bo botle ba boko e le ntlha ea bohlokoa. Ka la 11 Tšitoe 2024, Japane e ne e ngolisitse lijo tse sebetsang tsa 1,012 (ho ea ka lintlha tsa molao), tseo 79 ea tsona e neng e amana le bophelo bo botle ba boko. Har'a tsena, GABA e ne e le motsoako o sebelisoang hangata, o lateloa kelutein/zeaxanthinlekhasi la ginkgo (li-flavonoids, terpenoids),DHABifidobacterium MCC1274, Portulaca oleracea saponins, paclitaxel, imidazolidine peptide,PQQ, le ergothioneine.
1. GABA
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) ke non-proteinogenic amino acid e qalileng ho fumanoa ke Steward le basebetsi-'moho le lithane tsa litapole tsa litapole ka 1949. Ka 1950, Roberts et al. e tsebahalitsoeng ke GABA bokong ba mammalian, e entsoeng ka α-decarboxylation e ke keng ea fetoloa ea glutamate kapa letsoai la eona, e hlahisoang ke glutamate decarboxylase.
GABA ke neurotransmitter ea bohlokoa e fumanoang haholo tsamaisong ea methapo ea mammalian. Mosebetsi oa eona o ka sehloohong ke ho fokotsa thabo ea neuronal ka ho thibela phetiso ea matšoao a methapo. Bokong, ho leka-lekana pakeng tsa inhibitory neurotransmission mediated by GABA le excitatory neurotransmission mediated by glutamate ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka lera la sele le botsitso le ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea methapo.
Boithuto bo bonts'a hore GABA e ka thibela liphetoho tsa neurodegenerative le ho ntlafatsa mohopolo le ts'ebetso ea kelello. Liphuputso tsa liphoofolo li fana ka maikutlo a hore GABA e ntlafatsa mohopolo oa nako e telele ho litoeba ka ho fokotseha ha kelello le ho khothalletsa ho ata ha lisele tsa neuroendocrine PC-12. Litekong tsa bongaka, GABA e bontšitsoe ho eketsa maemo a serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) le ho fokotsa kotsi ea 'dementia' le lefu la Alzheimer ho basali ba lilemong tse bohareng.
Ho phaella moo, GABA e na le liphello tse ntle maikutlong, khatello ea kelello, mokhathala le boroko. Lipatlisiso li bontša hore motsoako oa GABA le L-theanine o ka fokotsa ho lieha ho robala, ho eketsa nako ea ho robala, le ho laola polelo ea GABA le li-subunits tsa receptor tsa glutamate GluN1.
2. Lutein/Zeaxanthin
Luteinke oksijene ea carotenoid e entsoeng ka masalla a isoprene a robeli, polyene e sa tsitsang e nang le li-bond tse robong tse peli, tse monyang le ho ntša khanya ka bolelele bo itseng ba maqhubu, e fanang ka mebala e ikhethang.Zeaxanthinke isomere ea lutein, e fapaneng ka boemo ba tlamo e habeli ka har'a selikalikoe.
Lutein le zeaxanthinke li-pigments tse ka sehloohong tsa retina. Lutein e fumaneha haholo ho retina ea peripheral, ha zeaxanthin e tsepamisitsoe bohareng ba macula. Liphello tse sirelletsang tsa lutein le zeaxanthin bakeng sa mahlo li kenyelletsa ho ntlafatsa pono, ho thibela ho senyeha ha macular ho amanang le lilemo (AMD), lefu la mahlo, glaucoma, le ho thibela retinopathy ho masea a hlahileng pele ho nako.
Ka 2017, bafuputsi ba Univesithing ea Georgia ba fumane hore lutein le zeaxanthin li susumetsa bophelo bo botle ba boko ho batho ba baholo. Boithuto bona bo bonts'itse hore barupeluoa ba nang le maemo a holimo a lutein le zeaxanthin ba bonts'itse ts'ebetso e tlase ea boko ha ba etsa mesebetsi ea ho hopola mantsoe, ho fana ka maikutlo a ts'ebetso e phahameng ea methapo.
Ho feta moo, phuputso e tlalehile hore Lutemax 2020, tlatsetso ea lutein e tsoang ho Omeo, e ekelitse boemo ba BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), protheine ea bohlokoa e amehang ho neural plasticity, mme e bohlokoa bakeng sa kholo le karohano ea li-neurone, 'me e amanang le eona. ho ntlafatsa ho ithuta, mohopolo le ts'ebetso ea kelello.
(Meetso ea sebopeho sa lutein le zeaxanthin)
3. Ginkgo Leaf Extract (Flavonoids, Terpenoids)
Ginkgo biloba, mofuta o le mong feela o ntseng o le teng lelapeng la ginkgo, hangata o bitsoa "mesaletsa e phelang." Makhasi le lipeo tsa eona li sebelisoa haholo lipatlisisong tsa meriana 'me ke e' ngoe ea meriana ea tlhaho e sebelisoang haholo lefatšeng ka bophara. Metsoako e sebetsang ka har'a makhasi a ginkgo ke haholo li-flavonoids le terpenoids, tse nang le thepa e kang ho thusa ho fokotsa lipid, litlamorao tsa antioxidant, ho ntlafatsa mohopolo, ho fokotsa khatello ea mahlo, le ho fana ka tšireletso khahlano le tšenyo ea sebete ea lik'hemik'hale.
Monograph oa Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo mabapi le limela tsa meriana o totobatsa hore ho tloaelehaginkgomahlaku a mahlaku a lokela ho ba le 22-27% flavonoid glycosides le 5-7% terpenoids, ka ginkgolic acid content ka tlase ho 5 mg/kg. Japane, Health and Nutrition Food Association e behile litekanyetso tsa boleng bakeng sa makhasi a ginkgo, a hlokang flavonoid glycoside content bonyane 24% le terpenoid bonyane 6%, le ginkgolic acid e bolokiloeng tlas'a 5 ppm. Tekanyetso e khothalletsoang ea letsatsi le letsatsi bakeng sa batho ba baholo e pakeng tsa 60 le 240 mg.
Liphuputso li bontšitse hore tšebeliso ea nako e telele ea lekhasi la ginkgo le tloaelehileng, ha le bapisoa le placebo, le ka ntlafatsa haholo mesebetsi e itseng ea kelello, ho kenyelletsa le ho nepahala ha mohopolo le bokhoni ba ho ahlola. Ho feta moo, tlhahiso ea ginkgo e tlalehiloe ho ntlafatsa phallo ea mali le ts'ebetso ea boko.
4. DHA
DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) ke omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). E na le lijo tse ngata tsa leoatleng le lihlahisoa tsa tsona, haholo-holo litlhapi tse mafura, tse fanang ka ligrama tse 0,68-1.3 tsa DHA ka ligrama tse 100. Lijo tsa liphoofolo tse kang mahe le nama li na le DHA e nyane. Ho feta moo, lebese la motho le lebese la liphoofolo tse ling tse anyesang le tsona li na le DHA. Lipatlisiso ho basali ba fetang 2,400 ho pholletsa le lithuto tse 65 li fumane hore kakaretso ea khatello ea DHA lebeseng la letsoele ke 0.32% ea boima ba mafura a mafura, ho tloha ho 0.06% ho isa ho 1.4%, 'me baahi ba lebōpong la leoatle ba na le likhahla tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa DHA lebeseng la letsoele.
DHA e amahanngoa le khōlo ea boko, mosebetsi le maloetse. Patlisiso e batsi e bonts'a hore DHA e ka ntlafatsa phallo ea methapo, kholo ea methapo, polasetiki ea synaptic le tokollo ea methapo ea kutlo. Tlhahlobo ea meta ea liteko tse 15 tse laoloang ka mokhoa o sa reroang li bonts'itse hore karolelano ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea 580 mg ea DHA e ntlafalitse haholo mohopolo oa episodic ho batho ba baholo ba phetseng hantle (ba lilemo li 18-90) le ba nang le bokooa bo fokolang ba kelello.
Mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea DHA e kenyelletsa: 1) ho tsosolosa tekanyo ea n-3 / n-6 PUFA; 2) ho thibela neuroinflammation e amanang le lilemo e bakoang ke M1 microglial cell overactivation; 3) ho hatella phenotype ea A1 astrocyte ka ho theola matšoao a A1 a kang C3 le S100B; 4) ho thibela ka katleho mokhoa oa ho bontša proBDNF / p75 ntle le ho fetola pontšo ea boko e entsoeng ke neurotrophic factor-associated kinase B; le 5) ho khothalletsa ho phela ha neuronal ka ho eketsa maemo a phosphatidylserine, e leng ho nolofalletsang protheine kinase B (Akt) ho fetisoa ha membrane le ho sebetsa.
5. Bifidobacteria MCC1274
Mala, ao hangata a bitsoang "boko ba bobeli," ho bontšitsoe hore a na le likamano tse kholo le boko. Mala, e le setho se nang le motsamao o ikemetseng, o ka sebetsa ka boikemelo ntle le taelo e tobileng ea boko. Leha ho le joalo, kamano pakeng tsa mala le boko e bolokoa ka tsamaiso ea methapo e ikemetseng, lipontšo tsa li-hormone, le li-cytokine, tse etsang se tsejoang e le "gut-brain axis."
Lipatlisiso li senotse hore libaktheria tsa mala li bapala karolo ea ho bokella protheine ea β-amyloid, lets'oao le ka sehloohong la lefu la Alzheimer's. Ha ho bapisoa le litsamaiso tse phetseng hantle, bakuli ba Alzheimer ba fokolitse mefuta-futa ea maleng a microbiota, ka ho fokotseha ha bongata ba Bifidobacterium.
Lithutong tsa ho kenella ha batho ho batho ba nang le bokooa bo fokolang ba kelello (MCI), tšebeliso ea Bifidobacterium MCC1274 e ntlafalitse haholo ts'ebetso ea kelello ho Teko ea Memori ea Boitšoaro ea Rivermead (RBANS). Lipalo libakeng tse kang mohopolo oa hang-hang, bokhoni ba pono-sebaka, ts'ebetso e rarahaneng, le ho lieha ho hopola le tsona li ile tsa ntlafatsoa haholo.
Nako ea poso: Jan-06-2025